Minamata bay in kumamoto prefecture of the southwestern isle of kyushu in. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death follow within weeks of the onset of. The area around minamata bay in the yatsushiro sea of kumamoto prefecture was a beautiful and fertile sea blessed with a natural fish reef. This was because the minamata disease not only caused an unimaginable level of. Across the bay is amakusa island, which produced some coal. Minamata disease the history and measures summary moe. The pollution of minamata bay by mercury water science and. Minamata disease, methylmercury poisoning, was recognized late in 1953 among the inhabitants living around minamata bay. Article in environmental science and technology xxxxxxx january 2020 with 116 reads how we measure reads. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, alexandre semionov and others published. Introduction tragedy of minamata disease and environmental.
Mercury pollutionnearly 60 years after a chemical plant caused one of the worlds worst episodes of mercury poisoning, the japanese town that came to symbolize the metals threat is still struggling with the aftermath. With regard to minamata disease occurring in the areas around minamata bay in kumamoto prefecture, the patient was reported for the first time in may 1956, and. Signs and symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, loss of peripheral vision, and damage to hearing and speech. It lies astride a small river that empties into minamata bay, an arm of the semienclosed shiranui yatsushiro sea. Minamata disease methylmercury poisoning was first discovered in 1956 around minamata bay, kumamoto prefecture, japan. Lessons from minamata disease and mercury management. The pollution of minamata bay by mercury water science. Minamata disease, which is a typical example of the pollutionrelated health damage in japan, was first discovered in 1956, around minamata bay in kumamoto prefecture, and in 1965, in the agano river basin in niigata prefecture. The disease has impacted minamata bay environmentally, economically, and socially. The bahamas become the 117th party to the minamata convention on 12 february 2020, the government of the bahamas deposited its instrument of. Otherwise, minamata was no different from other villages found throughout the country. Brought about by environmental pollution, the damage to health wrought by minamata disease and the accompanying destruction of the natural environment, is in terms of the scale of damage and the.
It was described that children born between 1955 and later whose mothers ingested the fish or shellfish from minamata bay displayed severe neurological deficits even if the mothers themselves did not display those symptoms castoldi, et. Ppt minamata powerpoint presentation free to view id. Minamata disease victims, some horribly disfigured and wheelchairbound, also offered prayers and testimonials of a half century of. The minamata convention is named after the japanese city of minamata, which experienced a severe, decadeslong incidence of mercury poisoning after industrial wastewater from a chemical factory was discharged into minamata bay. Minamata disease resulted from environmental exposure to methylmercury through contaminated fish and shellfish consumption. Because of its location, townspeople eat a lot of fish. The wastewater contained methylmercury, which bioaccumulated in fish and shellfish in the bay.
The number of victims and deaths produced has not yet been determined. Licensed to youtube by adrev for a 3rd party, a train entertainment masters. Article in environmental science and technology xxxxxxx january 2020. Minamata is known due to minamata disease, a neurological disorder caused by mercury poisoning. Teluk minamata terletak di kota minamata, kumamoto perfecture, jepang. Symptoms included numb hands and feet and difficulty walking and talking. A fishing port, minamata was also the home of nippon chisso hiryo co. Minamata disease top 10 environmental disasters time. Minamata convention on mercury international cooperation. As public spaces in japan go, minamatas eco park is quite pleasant. Minamata was a factory town controlled by the chisso corporation.
The first recognized outbreaks occurred around minamata bay, in kumamoto prefecture, in 1956. She shared smiths vision to use the impact of the photo for raising awareness and for recruiting support for victims of minamatas disease. Feb 02, 2014 minamata bay was heavily polluted in the 1950s and 1960s by wastewater the chisso corporations factory in minamata, particularly by methylmercury. Penyakit minamata, tragedi di teluk minamata jepang akibat.
The ethics of representation in light of minamata disease. Lately, minamata has focused on becoming a model environmental city. Based on the above examinations, i will argue that the. Minamatabyo, sometimes referred to as chissominamata disease, chissominamatabyo, is a neurological disease caused by severe mercury poisoning. Mar 31, 2020 minamata disease is a poisoning disease that affects mainly the central nervous system and is caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in minamata bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound. A local chemical plant was blamed for causing the disease by emitting untreated wastewater into minamata bay.
The story of minamata fact, according to jim hughes, in his article tomoko uemura, r. Minamata bay is a bay on the west coast of kyushu island, located in kumamoto prefecture, japan. Miyazawa n 1996 minamata disease incident its forty years. A classic example of environmental contamination due to mercury and its health implications is the outbreak of minamata disease, an outbreak of children born with bay disaster in japan in 1950s, that witnessed a devastating epidemic of mercury poisoning. The total picture in relation to the epidemiology of the problem has yet to unfold.
The chisso corporation dumped over 30 tons of mercury in the minamata bay over a 30 year period. Minamata disease was present both in adults and infants, with an array of phenotypes. Now, after restudying the remains of one of those cats, a team of scientists is arguing, controversially, that the longstanding explanation. Outline of minamata disease 1 outbreak of minamata disease and its casualties. Sydney minamata bay background information minamata was a small town on the western coast of kyushu, japans southern island. The minamata disaster and the disease that followed. This disease was caused by methyl mercury and other toxic substance, contained in effluent to minamata bay from chisso co. Cyprus become the 118th party to the minamata convention on 25 february 2020, the government of cyprus deposited its instrument of ratification, thereby beco.
Outline of minamata disease 1 outbreak of minamata disease and its casualties minamata disease is a poisoning disease of central nervous system developed among the inhabitants who. In 1956, the first human patient of what soon became known as minamata disease was identified. High in the hills, a small stone memorial honors other deathsof cats sacrificed in secret to science. In 1956, two sisters, aged two and five, were diagnosed in minamata bay, japan, with the crippling, untreatable and stigmatizing effects of mercury poisoning. Minamata disease, minamata bay, japan, 19321968 local residents had been suffering from variety of symptoms including ataxia, general muscle weakness, numbness in the hands and feet, narrowing of the field of vision, damage to speech and hearing, paralysis, insanity and coma. The city of minamata, japan, is dotted with monuments commemorating victims of an industrial mass poisoning decades ago. Minamata is a japanese city of 34,000 people on the northwest coast of kumamoto prefecture in the island of kyushu. Minamata bay was heavily polluted in the 1950s and 1960s by wastewater the chisso corporations factory in minamata, particularly by methylmercury.
These materials were brought into minamata village and wood and mountain products were shipped from the port. Minamata disease sometimes referred to as chissominamata disease is a neurological. This disaster, occurring in the vicinity of minamata bay in kumamoto. The faces of shiranui sea and of those living along its shores were irreporably changed by the recklessness of japanese economy lead by chisso company and the government. With the occurrence of the second incident of minamata disease in niigata in later. Minamata disease was first discovered in the 1950s when several local residents of minamata developed a mysterious sickness. Minamata convention on mercury the parties to this convention, recognizing that mercury is a chemical of global concern owing to its longrange atmospheric transport, its persistence in the environment once anthropogenically introduced, its ability to. Minamata disease european environment agency europa eu.
It is about what can happen to and between people when the truth is not told. All this was well established by the beginning of the twentieth century. The minamata disaster and thetrue costs of japanese modernization in 1900, minamata bay was a sleepy fishing village, located on the west coast of the japanese island of kyushu about 560 miles southwest of tokyo. A short clip about industrial mercury poisoning at minamata bay, japan.
The minamata disaster and thetrue costs of japanese. A few weeks later, a committee of medical experts found an additional 30 patients along the shores of minamata bay, among whom the first cases apparently developed as early as 1953. The government officially recognizes 2,265 victims 1,435 already dead of the industrial dumpings at southern japans minamata bay, where chemical maker chisso corp. Minamata disease is a poisoning disease that affects mainly the central nervous system and is caused by the consumption of large quantities of fish and shellfish living in minamata bay and its surroundings, the major causative agent being some sort of organic mercury compound. The highly toxic compound bio accumulated in fish and shellfish in the bay which, when eaten by the people living around the bay, gave rise to minamata disease.
Lessons from minamata disease and mercury management in japan. Minamata disease the history and measures summary summary. It is the responsibility of parties who are manufacturing larger. Minamata disease, disease first identified in 1956 in minamata, japan.
By naming the convention minamata convention, the name minamata will not only be associated with a problem. She is tired from jetlag, and it is cold here compared to kyushu. Three years later, an investigation concluded that the affliction was a result of industrial poisoning of minamata bay by the chisso corp. In the decades that followed, their story would be retold many times. Pdf in the early to midtwentieth century, the chisso corporation dumped. Between 1932 and 1968, chisso corporation, a local petrochemical and plastics maker, dumped an estimated 27 tons of mercury into minamata bay, poisoning fish and, eventually, the people who ate them.
In 1900, minamata bay was a sleepy fishing village, located on the west coast of the japanese island of kyushu about 560 miles south west of tokyo. The bay is part of the larger shiranui sea which is sandwiched between the coast of the kyushu mainland and the offlying islands of kumamoto and nagasaki prefectures. Mar 19, 2009 a short clip about industrial mercury poisoning at minamata bay, japan. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Tragedy of minamata disease and environmental chemical problems today 1. Financial burden for long term care due to the irreversible effects of minamata disease. The minamata convention is a 21st century response to the catastrophic pollution in minamata, japan, where industrial releases of methyl mercury caused the epidemic known as the minamata disease in the 1950s and onwards. Almost 12,000 kilometres from minamata, rimiko yoshinaga, seated next to an interpreter at a desk at the front of the room, picks up a microphone and begins. Methyl mercury discharged from the factory contaminated fish and shellfish, which in.
The fishbased diets of the people and cats of minamata seemed to be the common thread between those showing symptoms, leading scientists to suspect the fish in minamata bay were being poisoned. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. A genetic cause of the disease was soon ruled out because it occurred in unrelated subjects nagano et al. Tragedi ini tejadi pada tahun 1959, sektor perekonomian utama di minamata adalah perikanan. Social and ethical issues congenital minamata disease. New mercury compound spotted in mass poisoning science. The tragedy deepens by eric johnston the most dangerous enemy to truth and freedom amongst us is the compact majority. Due to the breakout of the minamata disease, the administration of minamata city entered a thirtyyear period of deadlock.
Jan 14, 2006 the tragedy visited on minamata, a picturesque seaside town on the southwestern island of kyushu, was wholly manmade. The village of minamata, located on the west coast of southern kyushu, was traditionally supported by rice farming and by a cove in the port which allowed the production of salt. The minamata disaster and thetrue costs of japanese modernization. Minamata was an agricultural and fishing village on the western shore of kyusho, in southern japan. Minamata is a small fishing town on the coast of the shiranui sea. However, in the 1950s, strange phenomena appeared in the bay.
The minamata disaster and the true costs of japanese modernization. By the late 1950s, researchers found the cause of the sickness to be the poisonous wastewater discharged into minamata bay by the local factory, operated by chisso. In 1959, at minamata city, where the key industry was fishery, many unknown symptom cases with central nerve system disorder were reported. Research identifies potential cause of minamata mercury. Due to their denial of responsibility, people suffering from high amounts of mercury poisoning and children being born with congenital minamata disease were wrongly diagnosed. The ocean served up a rich variety of seafood, and its tidal shallows were a veritable sea. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that.
The response by the mhw was that the said policy could not be legally enforced as there was no clear evidence of the toxic contamination of all fish and shellfish in a specified area of minamata bay. It was also a spawning site for many species of fish. Pollution in japan our tragic experiences, edited by study group. The seafood available pales in comparison to what she is used to from minamata bay, which was finally declared safe in 1997. I will describe the history of minamata disease, share smiths photos. In a chemical factory situated near minamata bay, acetaldehyde had been synthesized by the hydration of acetylene till 1968. Minamata disease keeping the tragedy in mind youtube. Page 4 guide to checklist of minamata convention on mercury obligations which may require new legal authority larger products. Methyl mercury discharged from the factory contaminated fish and shellfish, which in turn. Decades after mercury pollution ended in the town of minamata.
Oct 01, 20 a few years before her birth, dead fish and other sea creatures had begun appearing in minamata bay. The minamata disease was the most massive pollution problem to strike japan in the postsecond world war period. Oct 23, 2016 summary environmental impact of minamata pollution huge quantities of mercury detected in fish and shellfish in minamata bay. Minamata disease wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. In the spring and summer of 1956, what was first known simply as a strange disease started afflicting fishing families in villages scattered around minamata bay. Summary environmental impact of minamata pollution huge quantities of mercury detected in fish and shellfish in minamata bay. The outbreak was also confirmed later in the reaches of the agano river in niigata prefecture.
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